The newly added project C5 is led by the three new PIs Groussin, Poyet and Rühlemann. They will join their expertise to investigate the impact of shifts in human lifestyle and associated changes in community diversity and compositions on the functional characteristics of the human metaorganism. The project will build on a unique collection of preserved bio samples and paired human-microbiome data from the Global Microbiome Conservancy (GMbC), which includes diverse human populations of various lifestyles (from hunter-gatherers to industrialized populations). New insights from the project could assist in developing strategies to prevent detrimental microbiome trajectories associated with industrialized lifestyles.